在波斯尼亚再次受骗
6 月 29 日星期六，我访问了波斯尼亚的帕莱，在法莫斯卡车和农用机械厂外，看到拉多万·卡拉季奇那辆黑色奔驰停在办公室门前，这表明这位国际司法通缉的最知名逃犯就在楼里。那天正是七国集团在里昂讨论波斯尼亚问题的日子，也是最后通牒到期前两天——若不执行通牒，就会重新实施制裁，除非卡拉季奇退出公共生活。
I visited Pale, Bosnia, on Saturday, June 29 and saw Radovan Karadzic’s black Mercedes parked in front of his office at the Famos truck and agricultural machinery factory, indicating that the world’s best known fugitive from international justice was present in the building. That was the day the G-7 debated Bosnia in Lyon, and two days before the expiration of the ultimatum that would have reimposed sanctions unless Karadzic removed himself from public life.
卡拉季奇辞去了塞族共和国总统职务，但他的政党确认他担任未来一年的总书记。按照共产主义传统，总书记一职比总统权力大得多。谁能记得斯大林时期苏联的总统是谁？斯洛博丹·米洛舍维奇当时是他所在政党的总书记，他利用这个职位，违背塞尔维亚总统的意愿将其赶下台，自己取而代之。
Karadzic removed himself from the presidency of Republika Srpska, but his party confirmed him as secretary general for the next year. In the Communist tradition, the post of secretary general in much more powerful that the presidency. Who can remember who was president of the U.S.S.R. under Stalin? Slobodan Milosevic was secretary general of his party and used that post to remove the president of Serbia against his will and assume the position himself.
卡尔·比尔特并非第一次被卡拉季奇愚弄。
This is not the first time that Carl Bildt allowed himself to be hoodwinked by Karadzic.
再加上现在没人再提必须解除拉特科·姆拉迪奇将军的职务——尽管他仍然掌握军权——这就向波斯尼亚选民发出了一个再明确不过的信号：戴顿协议承诺的自由公正选举不过是一场闹剧，目的是为波斯尼亚的民族分裂披上合法外衣。
Coupled with the fact that nobody even mentions the need to remove Gen. Ratko Mladic anymore despite his continued hold on military power, it sends an unmistakable signal to the Bosnian electorate that the free and fair elections promised by the Dayton Agreement are a mere charade, legitimating the ethnic division of Bosnia.
我继续在选举前推动在波斯尼亚建立一家多元化的电视网络。但只有选民有权选择时，言论自由才能发挥作用。当选民明白一切已被替他们决定好后，建立电视网络也就成了这场闹剧的一部分。
I continue to work on setting up a pluralistic TV Network in Bosnia prior to the elections. But free speech can make a difference only when there is an electorate that can make a choice. When the electorate understands that matters have been decided for them, establishing a TV network becomes part of the charade.
比尔特先生接受的安排不仅违背了戴顿协议的精神，也违背了其字面规定。根据协议，只有承诺接受协议条款的政党才能参加选举；戴顿协议确认了海牙国际法庭的管辖权。卡拉季奇的政党任命一名被起诉的战犯担任总书记，已经违反了戴顿协议；如果欧安组织允许该政党参加选举，那么欧安组织也同样违反了协议。
The arrangement accepted by Mr. Bildt violates not only the spirit but the letter of the Dayton Agreement. According to the agreement, only parties that pledge to accept it may participate in the elections; the Dayton Agreement affirms the jurisdiction of the Hague Tribunal. By appointing an indicted war criminal as secretary general, Karadzic’s party has violated the Dayton Agreement; and so does the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe if it allows his party to participate in the elections.
戴顿协议是一份极其含糊的文件。它本可以引导波斯尼亚走向重建，但现在执行的方式却巩固了该国的民族分裂。更糟糕的是，它会给那些在战争中崛起的势力披上合法外衣。这既包括塞族实体中的战犯，也包括波黑联邦中的各路军阀——其中有些人同样是战犯，无论是否被起诉。国际军事存在冻结了现状，阻碍了正常生活和发展。
The Dayton Agreement was a profoundly ambiguous document. It could have led to the reconstruction of Bosnia, but the way it is implemented confirms the ethnic division of the country. What is worse, it will legitimize those who rose to power during the fighting. This includes not only the war criminals in the Serb entity but also the various warlords in the Bosnian Federation, some of whom are also war criminals, indicted or unindicted. The international military presence freezes the present situation and prevents normal life and development.
本来可以有另一种结局。逮捕战犯可以打破恐怖统治，让缓慢的治愈与和解进程得以启动。波斯尼亚大多数人厌恶已经发生的种种暴行，之所以默许现状，只是因为恐惧。美国有能力打破这种模式，但缺乏政治意愿。
It could have gone differently. Arresting the war criminals would have broken the rule of terror and allowed a slow process of healing and reconciliation to begin. Most people in Bosnia recoil from the horrors that have been perpetrated and acquiesce in the present state of affairs only out of fear. The U.S. had the power to break the pattern but lacked the political will.
IFOR（北约执行部队）的任务并非执行戴顿协议，而是避免伤亡然后撤离。未能保护平民、未能逮捕战犯，导致产生了一种局面：包括美国在内的国际军事存在将不得不无限期维持下去，以防止冲突再度爆发。但这一点只有在 11 月大选后才会被承认。如果克林顿总统当初愿意命令部队确保自由公正选举的条件得到满足，就根本不需要永久的军事监督。
The mission of IFOR (the NATO Implementation Force) was not to implement the Dayton Agreement but to avoid casualties and leave. The failure to protect civilians and to arrest war criminals creates a situation in which an international military presence, including the U.S., will have to be maintained indefinitely in order to prevent a renewed outbreak of fighting. But this will be acknowledged only after our presidential elections in November. The need for permanent military supervision would not have arisen had President Clinton been willing to direct the troops to ensure that the conditions for free and fair elections were fulfilled.
克林顿总统可以宣称 IFOR 的任务已经完成，但这只是最狭义的完成——实际战斗已经停止，至少暂时如此。IFOR 令人不快地让人想起联合国保护部队，同样在避免对抗。任务中民事部分——被巧妙留给了欧洲人——则是一场彻头彻尾的失败。其后果将远远超出波斯尼亚的边界。在波斯尼亚放纵政治恐怖主义而不加惩罚，将在全世界助长这种行为。
President Clinton may proclaim that the mission of IFOR has been accomplished, but this is true only in the narrowest sense that actual combat has been halted, at least temporarily. IFOR is unpleasantly reminiscent of the United Nations Protection Force in avoiding confrontation. The civilian part of the mission—which has been cleverly left to the Europeans—is an unmitigated failure. Its consequences will reverberate far beyond Bosnia. Allowing political terrorism to go unpunished in Bosnia will encourage it throughout the world.