Wesco金融董事长致股东信2006(伯克希尔·哈撒韦官方镜像)
西科金融公司
致股东的信
致我们的股东:
2006 年日历年度,合并“经营”净利润(即下表中已实现投资收益之前的利润)从上一年的 7797.3 万美元(每股 10.95 美元)增至 9203.3 万美元(每股 12.93 美元)。合并净利润则从 2005 年的 2.94579 亿美元(每股 41.37 美元)降至本年度的 9203.3 万美元(每股 12.93 美元)。
西科拥有四家主要子公司:(1)西科金融保险公司(“西科保险”),总部位于奥马哈,主要从事再保险业务;(2)堪萨斯银行家担保公司(“堪萨斯银行家”),由西科保险全资拥有,专门为中西部银行量身定制保险产品;(3)CORT 商业服务公司(“CORT”),总部位于弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯,主要从事家具租赁业务;(4)精密钢仓储公司(“精密钢”),总部位于芝加哥,从事钢材仓储及特种金属产品业务。
截至上述两个年度的合并净利润明细如下(除每股数据外,单位为千美元)(1):
| 截至 12 月 31 日 | 2006 年金额 | 每股西科(2) | 2005 年金额 | 每股西科(2) |
|---|
WESCO FINANCIAL CORPORATION LETTER TO SHAREHOLDERS To Our Shareholders: Consolidated net ""operating'' income (i.e., before realized investment gains shown in the table below) for the calendar year 2006 increased to $92,033,000 ($12.93 per share) from $77,973,000 ($10.95 per share) in the previous year. Consolidated net income decreased, from $294,579,000 ($41.37 per share) in 2005, to $92,033,000 ($12.93 per share) in the current year. Wesco has four major subsidiaries: (1) Wesco-Financial Insurance Company (""Wes-FIC''), headquartered in Omaha and engaged principally in the reinsurance business, (2) The Kansas Bankers Surety Company (""Kansas Bankers''), owned by Wes-FIC and specializing in insurance products tailored to midwestern banks, (3) CORT Business Services Corporation (""CORT''), headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia and engaged principally in the furniture rental business, and (4) Precision Steel Warehouse, Inc. (""Precision Steel''), headquartered in Chicago and engaged in the steel warehousing and specialty metal products businesses. Consolidated net income for the two years just ended breaks down as follows (in thousands except for per-share amounts)(1): Year Ended December 31, 2006 December 31, 2005 Per Per Wesco Wesco (2) Amount Share Amount Share(2)
经营利润:
西科金融与堪萨斯银行保险业务:
- 承保……………………………………………………………………
- 投资收益………………………………………………………………
CORT 家具租赁业务……………………………………………………
精密钢铁业务………………………………………………………………
所有其他“正常”经营净利润(3)…………………………………………
已实现投资收益(4)………………………………………………………
西科合并净利润…………………………………………………………
Operating earnings: Wesco-Financial and Kansas Bankers insurance businesses Ì Underwriting ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Investment income ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ CORT furniture rental business ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Precision Steel businesses ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ All other ""normal'' net operating earnings(3) ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Realized investment gains(4) ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Wesco consolidated net income ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
$ 5,164
58,528
26,884
1,211
92,033
Ì
$92,033
$ 5,164 58,528 26,884 1,211 92,033 Ì $92,033
$
$
.73
8.22
3.78
.17
.03
12.93
Ì
$12.93
.73 8.22 3.78 .17 .03 12.93 Ì $12.93
$ 11,798
39,068
20,676
1,198
5,233
77,973
216,606
$294,579
$ 11,798 39,068 20,676 1,198 5,233 77,973 216,606 $294,579
$ 1.66
5.49
2.90
.17
.73
10.95
30.42
$41.37
$ 1.66 5.49 2.90 .17 .73 10.95 30.42 $41.37
(1)
(1)
所有数据均为扣除所得税后的净额。
All Ñgures are net of income taxes.
(2)
(2)
每股数据基于流通在外的 7,119,807 股计算。西科金融没有任何稀释性股本等价物。
Per-share data are based on 7,119,807 shares outstanding. Wesco has no dilutive capital stock equivalents.
(3)
(3)
包括西科金融总部办公楼(主要租给外部租户)所产生的收益,以及保险子公司之外的现金等价物和有价证券所收取的利息与股息收入,减去利息及其他公司费用后的净额。
Represents income from ownership of the Wesco headquarters oÇce building, primarily leased to outside tenants, and interest and dividend income from cash equivalents and marketable securities owned outside the insurance subsidiaries, less interest and other corporate expenses.
(4)
(4)
包括 2.16112 亿美元(每股 30.35 美元),这笔收益来自西科金融将持有的吉列公司普通股免税换股为宝洁公司普通股,交易原因是吉列与宝洁合并。虽然未收到现金,但公认会计原则要求记录这笔收益。由于西科金融的资产负债表按市值反映投资,已实现未实现收益在扣除适用所得税后计入股东权益,该交易并未影响西科金融的股东权益。它只是导致从未实现收益重新分类到留存收益——股东权益的另一个组成部分。
Includes $216,112,000 ($30.35 per share) from the tax-free exchange of Wesco's common shares in The Gillette Company for common shares in The Procter & Gamble Company in connection with the merger of Gillette with Procter & Gamble. Although no cash was received, generally accepted accounting principles required that the gain be recorded. Because Wesco's balance sheet reÖects investments carried at market value, with unrealized gains, after applicable income tax eÅect, included in shareholders' equity, the transaction did not aÅect Wesco's shareholders' equity. It merely resulted in a reclassiÑcation from unrealized gains to retained earnings, another component of shareholders' equity.
这一补充性收益分解与经审计财务报表中按标准会计惯例编制的数据略有不同。之所以提供上述补充性分解,是因为我们认为它对股东有用。当然,上表列示的合并净利润总额,与我们经审计财务报表中的总额完全一致。
保险业务
保险业务的合并经营利润,是其保险承保结果(已赚保费减去保险损失、理赔费用和承保费用)与投资收益之和。以下是所有保险业务相关数据的汇总(单位:千美元)。
截至 12 月 31 日止年度
2006 年
This supplementary breakdown of earnings diÅers somewhat from that used in audited Ñnancial statements which follow standard accounting convention. The foregoing supplementary breakdown is furnished because it is considered useful to shareholders. The total consolidated net income shown above is, of course, identical to the total in our audited Ñnancial statements. Insurance Businesses Consolidated operating earnings from insurance businesses represent the combination of the results of their insurance underwriting (premiums earned, less insurance losses, loss adjustment expenses and underwriting expenses) with their investment income. Following is a summary of these Ñgures as they pertain to all insurance operations (in 000s). Year Ended December 31, 2006 2005
Premiums writtenÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Premiums writtenÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
$55,510
$55,510
$50,253
$50,253
Premiums earnedÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Premiums earnedÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
$54,149
$54,149
$49,482
$49,482
承保利润
股息与利息收入
税前收入
所得税
保险业务的总经营收入
Underwriting gain ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Dividend and interest income ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Income before income taxes ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Income taxes ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Total operating income Ì insurance businesses ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
$ 7,944
83,441
91,385
27,693
$63,692
$ 7,944 83,441 91,385 27,693 $63,692
$14,566
55,889
70,455
19,589
$50,866
$14,566 55,889 70,455 19,589 $50,866
$35,714
(4)
19,800
$55,510
$35,714 (4) 19,800 $55,510
$29,118
(64)
21,199
$50,253
$29,118 (64) 21,199 $50,253
$33,326
(3)
20,826
$54,149
$33,326 (3) 20,826 $54,149
$28,391
(53)
21,144
$49,482
$28,391 (53) 21,144 $49,482
$ 1,650
3,514
5,164
$ 1,650 3,514 5,164
$ 6,787
5,011
11,798
$ 6,787 5,011 11,798
53,732
4,796
58,528
$63,692
53,732 4,796 58,528 $63,692
36,032
3,036
39,068
$50,866
36,032 3,036 39,068 $50,866
以下为已收保费明细(单位:千美元):
Wes-FIC 保险公司
航空保险联营体
其他业务
堪萨斯银行家保险
已收保费总计
Following is a breakdown of premiums written (in 000s): Wes-FIC Ì Aviation poolsÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Other ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Kansas BankersÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Premiums writtenÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
以下是已赚保费明细(单位:千美元):
| 项目 | 金额 |
|---|---|
| Wes-FIC 保险 | |
| 航空联营池 | |
| 其他 | |
| 堪萨斯银行家保险 | |
| 已赚保费合计 |
Following is a breakdown of premiums earned (in 000s): Wes-FIC Ì Aviation poolsÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Other ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Kansas BankersÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Premiums earnedÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
以下是税后业绩明细(单位:千美元):
承保利润:
Wes-FIC
Kansas Bankers
净投资收益:
Wes-FIC
Kansas Bankers
保险业务总经营利润:
Following is a breakdown of after-tax results (in 000s): Underwriting gain Ì Wes-FICÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Kansas BankersÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Net investment income Ì Wes-FICÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Kansas BankersÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Total operating income Ì insurance businesses ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
如上所示,经营利润中包含大量净投资收益,即来自有价证券的股息和利息收入。不过,经营利润不包含 2005 年实现的 2.166 亿美元(税后)投资利得。2006 年未实现任何投资损益。下面的讨论将集中于保险承保,而非投资结果。
西科金融从事再保险业务。过去几年,其再保险活动包括参与数个由伯克希尔·哈撒韦(持有我们 80% 股权的母公司)旗下保险子公司管理的风险池。该安排自 2001 年起生效,最近涵盖与航空业相关的船壳险、责任险和工伤保险风险,具体如下:2005 年,在船壳险和责任险池中承担 10%,在工伤保险池中承担 5%;2006 年,在船壳险和责任险池中承担 12.5%,在工伤保险池中承担 5%。2007 年,在船壳险和责任险池中的参与比例已提高至 16.67%。伯克希尔子公司为这些航空风险池提供部分高层再保险保障,其条款可能导致伯克希尔子公司与西科金融在某些情况下(例如处理大额损失时)拥有不同的利益。
西科金融的承保结果逐年波动,但一直令人满意。若以百分比表示,保险损失、理赔费用和承保费用之和除以保费,得到综合成本率。西科金融的综合成本率远好于保险业的平均水平。西科金融 2006 年的综合成本率为 94.0%,2005 年为 75.9%。我们力求在多年平均结果中创造一些承保利润。我们预计这将变得越来越困难。
堪萨斯银行家保险公司于 1996 年被西科金融以约 8000 万美元现金收购。其有形净资产现已超过收购价格,这是一次非常令人满意的收购,反映了总裁唐·托尔及其团队的稳健管理。
堪萨斯银行家保险公司成立于 1909 年,为堪萨斯州的银行承保存款保险。其办公室位于堪萨斯州托皮卡。多年来,其服务持续适应银行业不断变化的需求。如今,其客户群主要由中小型社区银行组成,遍布 30 个州,主要在中西部。除了为超过联邦存款保险公司承保范围的存款提供担保的银行存款担保债券外,堪萨斯银行家保险公司还提供董事和高级职员责任险、银行雇佣行为责任险、银行保险代理人专业错误与遗漏责任险以及网上银行巨灾盗窃险。
当西科金融收购堪萨斯银行家保险公司时,该公司将近一半的保费收入都已分保给再保险公司。现在,其再保险比例仅为约 14%。自 2006 年起,伯克希尔·哈撒韦的保险子公司成为堪萨斯银行家保险公司唯一的再保险商。此前,还有一家非关联的再保险公司参与其中。当然,留存业务量的增加会带来收益流波动性的加大。堪萨斯银行家保险公司 2006 年的综合成本率为 73.8%,2005 年为 58.8%。我们仍然预计,增加自留保险业务虽然会带来收益波动,但长期效果是积极的。
CORT 商业服务公司(“CORT”)
2000 年 2 月,西科金融以 3.86 亿美元现金收购了 CORT 商业服务公司(“CORT”)。
As shown above, operating income includes signiÑcant net investment income, representing dividends and interest earned from marketable securities. However, operating income excludes investment gains of $216.6 million, net of income taxes, realized in 2005. No investment gains or losses were realized in 2006. The discussion below will concentrate on insurance underwriting, not on the results from investments. Wes-FIC engages in the reinsurance business. For the past several years, its reinsurance activity has consisted of the participation in several risk pools managed by an insurance subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway, our 80%-owning parent. The arrangement became eÅective in 2001 and most recently covered hull, liability and workers' compensation exposures relating to the aviation industry, as follows: for 2005, to the extent of 10% in the hull and liability pools and 5% of a workers' compensation pool; for 2006, 121/2% of the hull and liability pools and 5% of the workers' compensation pool. For 2007, participation in the hull and liability pools has increased to 16.67%. The Berkshire subsidiary provides a portion of the upper-level reinsurance protection to these aviation risk pools on terms that could result in the Berkshire subsidiary having a diÅerent interest from that of Wes-FIC under certain conditions, e.g., in settling a large loss. Wes-FIC's underwriting results have Öuctuated from year to year, but have been satisfactory. When stated as a percentage, the sum of insurance losses, loss adjustment expenses and underwriting expenses, divided by premiums, gives the combined ratio. The combined ratios of Wes-FIC have been much better than average for insurers. Wes-FIC's combined ratios were 94.0% for 2006 and 75.9% for 2005. We try to create some underwriting gain as results are averaged out over many years. We expect this to become increasingly diÇcult. Kansas Bankers was purchased by Wes-FIC in 1996 for approximately $80 million in cash. Its tangible net worth now exceeds its acquisition price, and it has been a very satisfactory acquisition, reÖecting the sound management of President Don Towle and his team. Kansas Bankers was chartered in 1909 to underwrite deposit insurance for Kansas banks. Its oÇces are in Topeka, Kansas. Over the years its service has continued to adapt to the changing needs of the banking industry. Today its customer base, consisting mostly of small- and medium-sized community banks, is spread throughout 30 mainly midwestern states. In addition to bank deposit guaranty bonds which insure deposits in excess of FDIC coverage, KBS oÅers directors and oÇcers indemnity policies, bank employment practices policies, bank insurance agents professional errors and omissions indemnity policies and Internet banking catastrophe theft insurance. When Wesco purchased KBS, it had been ceding almost half of its premium volume to reinsurers. Now it reinsures only about 14%. EÅective in 2006, insurance subsidiaries of Berkshire Hathaway became KBS's sole reinsurers. Previously, an unaÇliated reinsurer was also involved. The increased volume of business retained comes, of course, with increased irregularity in the income stream. KBS's combined ratios were 73.8% for 2006 and 58.8% for 2005. We continue to expect volatile but favorable long-term eÅects from increased insurance retained. CORT Business Services Corporation (""CORT'') In February 2000, Wesco purchased CORT Business Services Corporation (""CORT'') for $386 million in cash.
CORT 是一家历史悠久的企业,是全美家具租赁行业的龙头——其客户压根没打算买下这些家具。业内把 CORT 的业务称为“租转租”,以区别于本质上属于分期付款销售家具的“租转购”模式。
不过,就像 Enterprise 作为短期汽车租赁公司必须擅长出售二手车一样,CORT 也必须擅长——而且确实擅长——出售二手家具。
2006 日历年度,CORT 的总收入为 4 亿美元,2005 年为 3.84 亿美元。其中,家具租赁收入分别为 3.24 亿美元和 3.04 亿美元,家具销售收入分别为 7000 万美元和 7200 万美元,其搬迁部门的公寓找房费分别为 600 万美元和 800 万美元。2006 年,CORT 实现税后利润 2690 万美元,较 2005 年的 2070 万美元(对比 2004 年的 500 万美元)令人满意地增长。这些业绩反映了 2001 年至 2004 年间进行的几项“补强型”收购带来的有利影响。
我们在 2000 年初收购 CORT 时,其家具租赁业务正快速增长,这得益于强劲的美国经济、惊人的商业扩张以及首次公开募股(IPO)和高科技行业的爆发式增长。
然而,从 2000 年末开始,CORT 的新业务开始下滑。随着互联网泡沫破裂、9·11 事件以及新企业形成速度的长期放缓,CORT 的业务受到重创,这反映了家具租赁行业中“租转租”细分领域普遍糟糕的业绩。显然,在收购 CORT 时,我们对家具行业“租转租”领域近期行业前景的预测能力很差。
CORT 在 2001 年启动了一项新服务。最初是一家名为 Relocation Central 的子公司,现在是其 CORTline 部门,该业务最初主要是为搬迁的个人提供公寓找房和辅助服务,以补充 CORT 的家具租赁业务。CORT 长期以来的明星 CEO 保罗·阿诺德正在扩大 CORTline 的运营并重新调整其营销方向,期望它能取得财务上的成功。CORTline 最初旨在帮助搬迁的个人,最近已扩展其服务和能力,并开始瞄准企业和政府机构的需求,这些机构需要一个称职且有能力的合作伙伴,为员工的临时搬迁提供全套无缝的搬迁服务。凭借多个网站(主要是 www.cortline.com、www.relocationcentral.com 和 www.apartmentsearch.com)、覆盖超过 80 个美国国内大都市市场的专业人员、50 多个国家的合作伙伴、近两万个向 CORT 推荐租户的公寓社区、众多辅助服务,以及作为伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司一员进入商业界的优势,CORTline 现在似乎正朝着正确的方向前进。
我们对 CORT 在过去两年中取得的进展感到满意。我们持谨慎乐观态度,认为未来几年,我们将能够回顾近期这段时期,并将其仅仅视为 CORT 增长过程中的一个周期性异常。但我们注意到,过去两年中,每一年未结清的家具租赁合同数量都略有下降。
CORT is a very long-established company that is the country's leader in rentals of furniture that lessees have no intention of buying. In the trade, people call CORT's activity ""rent-to-rent'' to distinguish it from ""lease-to-purchase'' businesses that are, in essence, installment sellers of furniture. However, just as Enterprise, as a rent-to-rent auto lessor in short-term arrangements, must be skilled in selling used cars, CORT must be and is skilled in selling used furniture. CORT's revenues totaled $400 million for calendar 2006, versus $384 million for calendar 2005. Of these amounts, furniture rental revenues were $324 million and $304 million, furniture sales revenues were $70 million and $72 million, and apartment locator fees of its relocation division were $6 million and $8 million. CORT operated at an after-tax proÑt of $26.9 million for 2006, up satisfactorily from its $20.7 million of after-tax proÑt for 2005 (versus $5.0 million for 2004). These results reÖect the favorable eÅects of several ""tuck-in'' acquisitions made between the years 2001 and 2004. When we purchased CORT early in 2000, its furniture rental business was rapidly growing, reÖecting the strong U.S. economy, phenomenal business expansion and explosive growth of IPOs and the high-tech sector. Beginning late in 2000, however, new business coming into CORT began to decline. With the burst of the dot-com bubble, the events of September 11, and a protracted slowdown in new business formation, CORT's operations were hammered, reÖecting generally bad results in the ""rent-to-rent'' segment of the furniture rental business. Obviously, when we purchased CORT we were poor predictors of near-term industry-wide prospects of the ""rent-to-rent'' sector of the furniture business. CORT started up a new service during 2001. Originally a subsidiary named Relocation Central, and now its CORTline division, it was conceived mainly to supplement CORT's furniture rental business by providing apartment locator and ancillary services to relocating individuals. Long CORT's star CEO, Paul Arnold is in process of expanding CORTline's operations and redirecting its marketing, with the expectation that it will become a Ñnancial success. CORTline, originally conceived to assist relocating individuals, has recently expanded its services and capabilities and has begun to market itself toward the needs of businesses and governmental agencies who require a skilled and able partner to provide the full gamut of seamless relocation services for the temporary relocation of employees. With several websites, principally, www.cortline.com, www.relocationcentral.com and www.apartmentsearch.com, professionals in more than 80 domestic metropolitan markets, aÇliates in more than 50 countries, almost twenty thousand apartment communities referring their tenants to CORT, many ancillary services, and its entr πee to the business community as a Berkshire Hathaway company, CORTline now seems to be moving in the right direction. We are pleased with the progress CORT made in the past two years. We are cautiously optimistic that, in future years, we will be able to look back to the recent past and consider it merely a cyclical aberration in CORT's growth. We note, however, that the number of furniture leases outstanding has been slightly declining in each of the past two years.
西科收购 CORT 支付了 3.86 亿美元,其中约 60% 的购买价格归于商誉这一无形资产,计入资产负债表。西科的合并资产负债表目前包含约 2.67 亿美元商誉(含 1996 年收购 KBS 产生的 2700 万美元)。财务会计准则委员会在 2002 年生效的一项规定,不再要求对所购商誉进行自动摊销。(该摊销要求已被一项新准则取代,后者要求每年评估商誉价值是否发生减值,若发生减值,则视情况将该项无形资产予以减记或核销。)自 2002 年以来,我们报告的利润未因商誉摊销而减少,这更贴近我们所评估的微观经济现实。本年度报告中包含更多关于 CORT 的详细信息,敬请仔细查阅。
精密钢铁仓储公司(“精密钢铁”)
西科旗下精密钢铁子公司的业务,总部位于伊利诺伊州芝加哥郊区富兰克林公园,2006 年和 2005 年的税后利润均为 120 万美元。这些数字反映了税后 LIFO 存货会计调整,该调整使 2006 年税后收入减少 60 万美元,2005 年减少 20 万美元。精密钢铁 2006 年的经营业绩还反映了与工业园区环境清理相关的费用(扣除保险赔款),税后为 30 万美元。多年来,精密钢铁的一家子公司与该园区内其他约 15 家制造商毗邻经营。若非上述 LIFO 会计调整或环境问题,精密钢铁 2006 年本应报告税后经营利润 210 万美元,2005 年为 140 万美元。
精密钢铁的业务一直受到经济周期的影响。尽管影响其钢铁服务中心业务(我们在去年的股东信中已详细描述)的激烈竞争和混乱压力近期有所缓解,但精密钢铁仍在承受客户(或前客户)在与美国以外制造商的竞争中不敌,导致需求长期下降所带来的持续影响。精密钢铁 2006 年营收增长 2.8%,其中约一半源于其精密品牌产品子公司的一位客户下达的一笔特殊订单(订购垫片及其他工业用品)。2005 年营收较 2004 年增长 1.4%。2006 年,精密钢铁服务中心的出货量为 4600 万磅,而 1999 年时还有 6900 万磅。实物出货量的下降是一种严重的倒退,不太可能通过某种“反弹”效应消失。我们也不预期价格会像近期那样再次大幅上涨约 40%(那次上涨使销售额大致持平,尽管实物出货量大幅下降)。
尽管精密钢铁近年约每年 100 万美元的税后经营利润,相较于 2003 年 90 万美元的税后经营亏损,或许预示着改善,但我们认为目前的经营业绩并非令人满意的投资回报。精密钢铁近年来的盈利,与 1998 至 2000 年间平均 230 万美元的税后经营利润相比,相形见绌。由于钢铁仓储业务可能重新陷入更困难的境地,精密钢铁的未来可能面临更多下滑。
When Wesco paid $386 million for CORT, about 60% of the purchase price was attributable to goodwill, an intangible balance sheet asset. Wesco's consolidated balance sheet now contains about $267 million in goodwill (including $27 million from Wesco's 1996 purchase of KBS). The Financial Accounting Standards Board adopted a rule which became eÅective in 2002 that no longer requires automatic amortization of acquired goodwill. (The requirement for such amortization has been replaced by a standard that requires an annual assessment to determine whether the value of goodwill has been impaired, in which event the intangible asset would be written down or written oÅ, as appropriate.) Earnings, not reduced by goodwill amortization, that we have reported since 2002 more closely reÖect microeconomic reality as we appraise it. More details with respect to CORT are contained throughout this annual report, to which your careful attention is directed. Precision Steel Warehouse, Inc. (""Precision Steel'') The businesses of Wesco's Precision Steel subsidiary, headquartered in the outskirts of Chicago at Franklin Park, Illinois, operated at after-tax proÑts of $1.2 million in both 2006 and 2005. These Ñgures reÖect after-tax LIFO inventory accounting adjustments decreasing after-tax income by $.6 million for 2006 and $.2 million for 2005. Precision Steel's operating results for 2006 also reÖect expenses, net of insurance recoveries, of $.3 million, after taxes, in connection with environmental cleanup of an industrial park where a Precision Steel subsidiary has operated alongside approximately 15 other manufacturers for many years. Had it not been for the LIFO accounting adjustments or the environmental matter, Precision Steel would have reported after-tax operating income of $2.1 million for 2006 and $1.4 million for 2005. Precision Steel's business has been subject to economic cycles. Although the Ñercely competitive, chaotic pressures aÅecting its steel service center business (which we described at length in last year's shareholders' letter) have recently abated, Precision Steel is continuing to suÅer the ongoing eÅects of a long-term reduction in demand caused by customers' (or former customers') unsuccessful competition with manufacturers outside the United States. Precision Steel's revenues increased 2.8% in 2006, approximately half of which was due to an extraordinary order of shimstock and other industrial supplies from a customer of its Precision Brand Products subsidiary. Revenues for 2005 increased by 1.4% from those of 2004. In 2006, Precision Steel's service center volume was 46 million pounds, down from 69 million pounds sold as recently as 1999. This decline in physical volume is a serious reverse, not likely to disappear in some ""bounce back'' eÅect. Nor do we expect another sharp rise in prices like the approximately 40% rise that recently occurred, holding dollar volume roughly level despite a precipitous drop in physical volume. Although Precision Steel's recent after-tax operating earnings of approximately $1 million per year may signal improvement when compared with its after-tax operating loss of $.9 million for 2003, we do not consider present operating results to be a satisfactory investment outcome. Recent earnings of Precision Steel compare unfavorably with operating earnings which averaged $2.3 million, after taxes, for the years 1998 through 2000. Because the steel warehouse business may revert to even more diÇcult conditions, more decline for Precision Steel may lie ahead.
1999 年成为精密钢铁公司总裁兼首席执行官的特里·派珀,在带领公司度过极其艰难的岁月方面表现出色。但他没有魔法棒,能够弥补公司最优质客户所遭受的竞争损失。
储蓄与贷款时代的残存资产
由于西科金融此前与互助储蓄银行(Wesco 长期持有的储蓄与贷款子公司)的关系,目前在 Wes-FIC 之外、Wesco 之内剩下的,只有一家小型房地产子公司 MS 地产公司。这家公司持有的资产是已增值的房地产残值,主要包括位于帕萨迪纳市中心的一栋九层商业办公楼(西科总部所在地)。紧邻该楼有一块地皮,我们正在上面建造一栋多层豪华公寓楼。我们还在向市政府申请批准,计划在下一个街区的一块空地上再建一栋多层豪华公寓楼。如果您想要一套顶级豪华公寓,想了解更多信息,只需致电鲍勃·萨姆(626-585-6700)。MS 地产公司的经营业绩相对于西科目前的规模而言微不足道,已包含在第 1 页“其他经营利润”的利润细分中。
其他经营利润
2006 年,扣除已付利息和一般公司费用后的其他经营利润为 20 万美元,而 2005 年为 520 万美元。如果不是 2005 年录得了 490 万美元的有利所得税调整,2005 年的其他经营利润本应为 30 万美元。2006 年 20 万美元其他经营利润的来源是:(1)租金(2006 年毛租金 370 万美元),主要来自西科在帕萨迪纳的办公楼物业(几乎全部租给外部租户,包括花旗银行作为一楼租户),以及(2)来自保险子公司以外持有的现金等价物和有价证券的利息和股息,减去(3)一般公司费用以及涉及残值房地产的少量费用。
已实现投资收益
2006 年没有已实现投资收益。西科 2005 年的收益中包含了 2.166 亿美元的投资收益(已扣除所得税)。其中仅有 50 万美元是通过出售投资实现的;其余 2.161 亿美元,源自 2005 年第四季度,西科将其持有的吉列公司普通股,与宝洁公司普通股进行了免税交换,以完成吉列与宝洁的合并。财务会计准则委员会颁布的会计准则要求,此类交换中所获股份的公允(市场)价值,应作为交换日的新成本基础入账,新基础与历史成本之间的差额,在经审计的财务报表中确认为投资收益。在税务申报方面,所收购证券的入账价值按交换出的证券原成本记录。因此,无需缴纳且未缴纳任何所得税。
尽管已实现收益对西科 2005 年报告收益有重大影响,但对西科股东权益毫无影响。西科按公允价值持有投资,其合并资产负债表中,未实现增值(已考虑所得税影响)作为股东权益的单独组成部分列示,相关税款则计入应付所得税。因此,截至 2005 年 9 月 30 日,本次非现金合并产生的全部税后收益,已反映在西科股东权益的未实现收益部分中。该金额只是从“未实现收益”转入“留存收益”(股东权益的另一个组成部分)。这一会计分录对西科没有经济影响,在评估西科 2005 年收益时,您应忽略它。
合并资产负债表及相关讨论
如附注财务报表所示,西科的净资产(按会计师惯例计算)从 2005 年底的 22.3 亿美元(每股西科股票 313 美元)增加到 2006 年底的 24.0 亿美元(每股西科股票 337 美元)。增加的主要原因包括:投资公允价值增值,以及扣除已支付股东股息后的净经营利润。
上述每股 337 美元的账面价值,大致等于清算价值,前提是假设西科所有非证券资产在税后能够按账面价值变现。
当然,只要西科不清算,也不出售任何已增值证券——包括上文“已实现投资收益”部分讨论的、因 2005 年宝洁收购吉列而获得的宝洁股票——西科实际上拥有一笔来自政府、等同于其递延所得税的无息“贷款”,该贷款在计算净资产时已被扣除。此刻,这笔来自政府的无息“贷款”正在为西科股东工作,2006 年底其金额约为每股西科股票 42 美元。
然而,随着证券被出售,无息“贷款”的某些部分终有一天会消失。因此,西科股东并没有为其创造价值每股 42 美元的永久性优势。相反,西科股东所得优势的现值,逻辑上必然远低于每股 42 美元。
综合考虑所有因素,西科目前的业务质量和人员素质,仍然远不如伯克希尔·哈撒韦。西科并非一个“规模较小但同样优秀”的伯克希尔·哈撒韦,也不会因为规模小、增长更容易而更胜一筹。相反,西科每一美元的账面价值,其所包含的内在价值,仍然明显低于伯克希尔·哈撒韦每一美元账面价值所包含的内在价值。此外,在内在价值的账面质量差距方面,近年来持续扩大,而伯克希尔·哈撒韦始终占据优势。
尽管如此,我们并不会尝试评估,在当前的股市行情下,投资西科股票与投资伯克希尔·哈撒韦股票的相对吸引力。
西科合并资产负债表显示,截至 2006 年底,总资产为 30 亿美元。其中,自 2003 年初以来,超过 10 亿美元已投资于现金等价物和固定期限投资。除非这些资金能够以有吸引力的方式再投资于收购、权益证券或有助于西科股东权益长期增长的其他长期工具,否则未来的股东权益回报率可能会低于过去。由于西科及其母公司伯克希尔·哈撒韦当前规模的影响,西科实现股东权益增长的机会不太可能像过去那样具有吸引力了。
Terry Piper, who became Precision Steel's President and Chief Executive OÇcer in 1999, has done an outstanding job in leading Precision Steel through very diÇcult years. But he has no magic wand with which to compensate for competitive losses among his best customers. Tag Ends from Savings and Loan Days All that now remains outside Wes-FIC but within Wesco as a consequence of Wesco's former involvement with Mutual Savings, Wesco's long-held savings and loan subsidiary, is a small real estate subsidiary, MS Property Company, that holds tag ends of appreciated real estate assets consisting mainly of the nine-story commercial oÇce building in downtown Pasadena, where Wesco is headquartered. Adjacent to that building is a parcel of land on which we are building a multi-story luxury condominium building. We are also seeking city approval of our plans to build another multi-story luxury condominium building on a vacant parcel of land in the next block. For more information, if you want a very-high-end condominium, simply phone Bob Sahm (626-585-6700). MS Property Company's results of operations, immaterial versus Wesco's present size, are included in the breakdown of earnings on page 1 within ""other operating earnings.'' Other Operating Earnings Other operating earnings, net of interest paid and general corporate expenses, amounted to $.2 million in 2006, versus $5.2 million in 2005. Had it not been for favorable income tax adjustments of $4.9 million recorded in 2005, other operating earnings would have been $.3 million in 2005. The sources of the $.2 million of other operating earnings in 2006 were (1) rents ($3.7 million gross in 2006) principally from Wesco's Pasadena oÇce property (leased almost entirely to outsiders, including Citibank as the ground Öoor tenant), and (2) interest and dividends from cash equivalents and marketable securities held outside the insurance subsidiaries, less (3) general corporate expenses plus minor expenses involving tag-end real estate. Realized Investment Gains There were no realized investment gains in 2006. Wesco's 2005 earnings contained investment gains of $216.6 million, after income taxes. Only $.5 million was realized through the sale of investments; the balance, $216.1 million, resulted from the tax-free exchange of common shares of The Gillette Company (""Gillette'') owned by Wesco, for common shares of The Procter & Gamble Company (""PG'') in the fourth quarter of 2005 in connection with the merger of Gillette with PG. Accounting standards promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board require that the fair (market) value of shares received in such an exchange be recorded as the new cost basis as of the date of the exchange, with the diÅerence between the new basis and the historical cost realized in the audited Ñnancial statements as an investment gain. For tax return purposes, the securities acquired were recorded at the original cost of the securities exchanged. Thus, no income tax was due or paid. Although the realized gain had a material impact on Wesco's reported 2005 earnings, it had no impact on Wesco's shareholders' equity. Wesco carries its investments at fair value, with unrealized appreciation, after income tax eÅect, included as a separate component of shareholders' equity, and related taxes included in income taxes payable, on its consolidated balance sheet. Thus, the entire after-tax gain on the non-cash merger had been reÖected in the unrealized gain component of Wesco's shareholders' equity as of September 30, 2005. That amount was merely switched from unrealized gain to retained earnings, another component of shareholders' equity. This accounting entry had no economic eÅect on Wesco, and you should ignore it when you are evaluating Wesco's 2005 earnings. Consolidated Balance Sheet and Related Discussion As indicated in the accompanying Ñnancial statements, Wesco's net worth, as accountants compute it under their conventions, increased to $2.40 billion ($337 per Wesco share) at yearend 2006 from $2.23 billion ($313 per Wesco share) at yearend 2005. The main causes of the increase were appreciation in fair value of investments, and net operating income after deduction of dividends paid to shareholders. The foregoing $337-per-share book value approximates liquidation value assuming that all Wesco's non-security assets would liquidate, after taxes, at book value. Of course, so long as Wesco does not liquidate, and does not sell any appreciated securities, including the PG shares Wesco received in connection with PG's acquisition of Gillette in 2005, discussed above in the section, ""Realized Investment Gains,'' Wesco has, in eÅect, an interest-free ""loan'' from the government equal to its deferred income taxes, subtracted in determining its net worth. This interest-free ""loan'' from the government is at this moment working for Wesco shareholders and amounted to about $42 per Wesco share at yearend 2006. However, some day, parts of the interest-free ""loan'' may be removed as securities are sold. Therefore, Wesco's shareholders have no perpetual advantage creating value for them of $42 per Wesco share. Instead, the present value of Wesco's shareholders' advantage must logically be much lower than $42 per Wesco share. Business and human quality in place at Wesco continues to be not nearly as good, all factors considered, as that in place at Berkshire Hathaway. Wesco is not an equallygood-but-smaller version of Berkshire Hathaway, better because its small size makes growth easier. Instead, each dollar of book value at Wesco continues plainly to provide much less intrinsic value than a similar dollar of book value at Berkshire Hathaway. Moreover, the quality disparity in book value's intrinsic merits has, in recent years, continued to widen in favor of Berkshire Hathaway. All that said, we make no attempt to appraise relative attractiveness for investment of Wesco versus Berkshire Hathaway stock at present stock-market quotations. Wesco's consolidated balance sheet reÖects total assets of $3.0 billion as of yearend 2006. Of that amount, more than $1 billion has been invested in cash equivalents and Ñxed-maturity investments since early in 2003. Unless those funds can be attractively reinvested in acquisitions, equity securities or other long-term instruments of the type that helped cause the long-term growth of Wesco's shareholders' equity, future returns on shareholders' equity will probably be less than those of the past. Due to the current size of Wesco and its parent, Berkshire Hathaway, Wesco's opportunities for growing shareholders' equity are unlikely to be as attractive as in the past.
西科金融的股票多年来一直在美国证券交易所挂牌上市,自 1963 年起,也在一个当时名为太平洋证券交易所的区域性交易所上市。在近期多家区域性交易所合并到纽约证券交易所之后,太平洋证券交易所成为了纽约证券交易所群岛(NYSE Arca)交易所。我们原本愉快地每年支付 1000 美元的最低上市费用,以此获得股票在太平洋交易所上市的资格。去年 12 月,当被通知纽约证券交易所群岛决定将西科的年上市费提高到 3 万美元时,西科用脚投票了。它的股票现在仅在美国证券交易所挂牌交易。
董事会最近将西科的定期股息从每股 36.5 美分提高到每股 37.5 美分,于 2007 年 3 月 8 日支付给 2007 年 2 月 1 日营业结束时登记在册的股东。
这份年报包含一份 10-K 表格(即向美国证券交易委员会提交的报告),并包含关于西科及其子公司的详细信息,以及附有大量注释的经审计财务报表。和往常一样,请各位对这些内容予以仔细关注。
股东可以通过西科金融的网站(www.wescofinancial.com)获取大量西科的信息,包括印刷版年报、收益公告、提交给 SEC 的文件,以及西科子公司和母公司伯克希尔·哈撒韦的网站。
Wesco's shares were listed for many years on both the American Stock Exchange and, since 1963, on a regional exchange previously known as the PaciÑc Stock Exchange. Following the recent merger of various regional exchanges into the NYSE, the PaciÑc Exchange became the NYSE Arca exchange. We had happily paid a minimal annual listing fee of $1,000 for the privilege of having our shares listed on the PaciÑc Exchange. When notiÑed last December that NYSE Arca had decided to increase Wesco's annual listing fee to $30,000, Wesco voted with its feet. Its shares are now listed only on the American Exchange. The Board of Directors recently increased Wesco's regular dividend from 361/2 cents per share to 371/2 cents per share, payable March 8, 2007, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 1, 2007. This annual report contains Form 10-K, a report Ñled with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and includes detailed information about Wesco and its subsidiaries as well as audited Ñnancial statements bearing extensive footnotes. As usual, your careful attention is sought with respect to these items. Shareholders can access much Wesco information, including printed annual reports, earnings releases, SEC Ñlings, and the websites of Wesco's subsidiaries and parent, Berkshire Hathaway, from Wesco's website: www.wescoÑnancial.com.
查尔斯·T·芒格
董事会主席
兼总裁
2007 年 2 月 27 日
Charles T. Munger Chairman of the Board and President February 27, 2007